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eBook details
- Title: Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute GOLDN Study (Lipids, Lipoproteins, And Cardiovascular Risk Factors) (Clinical Report)
- Author : Clinical Chemistry
- Release Date : January 01, 2008
- Genre: Chemistry,Books,Science & Nature,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 256 KB
Description
Dietary fatty acids may have important effects on blood pressure, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose, and lipids, especially HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (1-8). A high intake of saturated and trans fat is associated with an increase in triglycerides and LDL cholesterol (9), whereas cis-polyunsaturated fat lowers plasma triglycerides (10) and improves insulin sensitivity (11). The very-long-chain n3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid consistently lower plasma triglycerides (10, 12, 13) and, to a lesser extent, blood pressure (8), both of which are major components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) [7]. Although [alpha]-linolenic acid, a long-chain n3 fatty acid, is associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular disease (14, 15), it does not appear to alter the concentrations of plasma lipoproteins or their particle size (16). Linoleic acid, an n6 fatty acid and the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the human diet, can lower plasma glucose and LDL cholesterol (1, 17). n3 fatty acids contribute to membrane phospholipids, have anti-inflammatory properties (18-20), and are hypothesized to reduce abdominal adiposity, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce the risk of the MetS (21, 22). Indeed, some recent studies (23, 24) have found associations between serum fatty acids and the MetS. Few studies have investigated the effects of dietary fat on the MetS, however, and results vary with age (25), smoking (26), and measurement error in dietary assessment, among other variables. Compared with questionnaire-based assessments of fat intake, measurements of plasma or erythrocyte fatty acids may be a more stable biomarker for the medium-term intake (i.e., months) of dietary fat (27-29) and may be more suitable for comparing fatty acid classes with regard to their effect on diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and intermediate phenotypes. Indeed, a recent prospective study found a correlation between dietary and erythrocyte trans fatty acid contents (r = 0.44; P0.01) (30). We are not aware of any published studies that have examined the composition of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and the MetS. We investigated whether the fatty acid composition in erythrocytes is related to the MetS or its components.